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NEW QUESTION # 79
You are the Test Manager on a new project. The schedule is aggressive and will require the team to work at peak efficiency. The requirements are not well defined yet, but it is clear that the project will be using new technologies. To help the developers meet the development schedule, an offshore group will be added to the development team.
At this time there is not enough budget to add more testing resources. The project stakeholders are very concerned about the quality of the delivered product and will be watching the project closely, particularly during the testing cycles. The exit criteria from the system test level require no open high priority/severity defects, 100% pass rate for all test cases covering risks that are classified as "high" or "very high", 95% pass rate for all "medium" risks and 75% pass rate for all "low" and "very low" risks.
Given this information, which of the activities of the standard test process are the most critical for the Test Manager to perform? [3]
- A. Requirements reviews
- B. Project management, particularly regarding scheduling and budgeting
- C. Test monitoring and control
- D. Test execution
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most critical activity of the standard test process for the Test Manager to perform in this scenario is test monitoring and control. This is because test monitoring and control involves measuring and evaluating the test progress, quality, and risks, and taking corrective actions when necessary. Given the aggressive schedule, the unclear requirements, the new technologies, the offshore development team, the limited testing resources, and the high stakeholder expectations, the Test Manager needs to closely monitor and control the testing activities to ensure that the test objectives and exit criteria are met, and that any deviations or issues are identified and resolved in a timely manner. Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 80
You have assembled the following cost of quality numbers 1 000 defects were found prior to release and 100 were found after.
Given this information what should you conclude?
- A. More testing was needed before the production release because the defect detection percentage (DDP) was below 90%
- B. The cost of testing is high and could probably be lowered by spending more money on defect prevention
- C. More effort should be put on appraisal to help lower the cost of quality
- D. The cost of testing is just right and is justified by the numbers
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Cost of Quality Analysis:
* The given table lists costs for defect prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure.
* Defect prevention cost is $50,000, while costs for appraisal, internal failures, and external failures are $250,000, $200,000, and $200,000, respectively.
* The combined cost of internal and external failures is significantly high compared to defect prevention costs.
* Defect Detection and Prevention (DDP):
* DDP measures the effectiveness of defect prevention activities and early detection mechanisms.
* In this case, 1,000 defects were caught before release (appraisal) and 100 defects escaped to production.
* DDP = (Defects found before release / Total defects) = 1000 / (1000 + 100) = 90.91%.
* While this DDP is relatively high, the costs of appraisal and failures indicate that prevention strategies need more investment.
* Key Cost Drivers:
* High internal and external failure costs indicate inefficiencies in earlier stages of quality assurance.
* Shifting investments from appraisal and failure costs towards defect prevention would reduce the overall cost of quality.
* Evaluating Options:
* Option A ("More testing needed because DDP < 90%") is invalid since DDP is above 90%.
* Option C ("The cost of testing is justified") does not address the imbalance between high failure costs and low prevention spending.
* Option D ("More effort on appraisal") contradicts the cost-benefit focus of investing in prevention.
* Option B is correct because enhancing defect prevention strategies will reduce downstream costs.
References and Syllabus Alignment:
* This conclusion aligns with the ISTQB Advanced Test Management syllabus section on "Cost of Quality" and strategies to optimize testing investments. Specifically, prevention is emphasized as more cost-effective than appraisal and failure management.
NEW QUESTION # 81
During test process improvement it is recommended to use standards where possible. Standards originate from various sources and they cover different subjects in relation to testing Pick TWO sources of software standards, useful to software testing from the ones mentioned below. 1 credit
- A. IEEE 829 'standard for software test documentation' is an international standard to be following
mandatory by all testing origination regardless of lifecycle models. - B. ISO 9126-1 'Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:
Quality model' is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality
assurance solutions. - C. ISA 4126-1 'Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:
Quality model' is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality
assurance solutions. - D. SY-395-01 'Standard for East Coast Hospital software' is a regional standard adapted from a
national one. Besides hospital software, this standard ought to be used also by other types of
software system in the region. - E. BS-7925-2 'Software testing. Software component testing is a national standard used
internationally. It covers a number of testing techniques that may be useful both on component
testing level and on system testing level.
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following is MOST likely to influence the choice of test levels for a project?
- A. Test resource constraints
- B. Availability of test data
- C. The product domain
- D. The type of project
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to ISTQB, test levels are defined based onproject and product characteristics, including whether it's a safety-critical system, customer-facing application, or infrastructure update. Hence,the type of projectis most influential.
ISTQB emphasizes adapting the lifecycle model (and hence the test levels) to thecontext of project and productcharacteristics.
NEW QUESTION # 83
While mining the defect database for patterns of problems in the last release, a Test Manager notices that many of the most damaging failures were caused by defects injected during the low-level design phase.
Which of the following actions will likely give this project the most effective solution to this problem? [3]
- A. Increased static analysis during the implementation phase
- B. Mandatory reviews of all important design work products
- C. Formal inspections of the code modules affected by the last release
- D. Increased white-box coverage during system testing
Answer: B
Explanation:
The most effective solution to this problem is to implement mandatory reviews of all important design work products. This is because reviews are a type of static testing technique that can detect and prevent defects early in the software development lifecycle, before they become more costly and difficult to fix. By reviewing the low-level design work products, such as detailed design specifications, the project team can ensure that they are consistent, complete, and correct, and that they meet the requirements and the quality standards. Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 84
When Is the metric for the percentage of requirements coverage defined?
- A. Test completion
- B. Test planning
- C. Test monitoring
- D. Test execution
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Context Analysis:
* Requirements coverage must be defined during test planning to ensure tests align with all requirements from the start of the project.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A. Test planning:
* Correct. Coverage goals are established during planning to define test objectives and scope.
* B. Test monitoring:
* Incorrect. Monitoring tracks progress but doesn't define coverage.
* C. Test execution:
* Incorrect. Execution measures coverage but doesn't define it.
* D. Test completion:
* Incorrect. Completion reviews coverage metrics but doesn't define them.
* Syllabus Alignment:
* Test planning (TM-1.1.1) includes defining coverage goals and ensuring alignment with requirements.
References:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus (TM-1.1.1)
NEW QUESTION # 85
Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the project? 2 credits
- A. Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point analysis
- B. Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code
- C. Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder
- D. Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 86
You are the Test Manager for a new product that is being developed according to an iterative lifecycle. At this point, you have 100% of your smoke tests automated, 20% of your functional tests and 50% of your regression tests. Your iterations are four weeks long. You are finding that with each iteration significant maintenance is required for your automated tests and you are not able to complete the testing within the planned timeframe. The test plan you created at the beginning of the project indicates that all automated tests should be run before any manual tests.
Which of the following is a reasonable change to this plan based on how the project is going? [2]
- A. Continue to run the automated smoke tests first, execute the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, and discontinue automating any new functional test cases.
- B. Run the manual tests first and maintain the automation as time allows.
- C. Continue to run all the automation first, performing whatever maintenance is needed and then transfer testing resources from manual testing to increase the automation coverage.
- D. Run the automated regression tests first then proceed with the manual and automated functional tests, discontinuing the automated smoke.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The most reasonable change to the plan based on how the project is going is to continue to run the automated smoke tests first, execute the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, and discontinue automating any new functional test cases. This is because this option can help to reduce the maintenance effort and time for the automated tests, while still ensuring that the most critical and frequently changed areas are tested adequately. By running the automated smoke tests first, the test team can verify the basic functionality and stability of the new build before proceeding to more detailed testing. By executing the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, the test team can optimize the use of the available testing resources and cover the most relevant test cases for the current iteration. By discontinuing automating any new functional test cases, the test team can avoid adding more complexity and maintenance overhead to the existing automation suite. Test Automation - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Automation - ISTQB not-for-profit association
NEW QUESTION # 87
You tend to be conservative in your project estimations because you know how many things can go wrong and extend the schedule. You manager is not happy with your estimates and thinks you are being too negative with your numbers and not trying hard enough Which estimation method should you use to provide your manager with a positive' number while still also providing the number you think is more realistic?
- A. Wideband defphi
- B. Planning poker
- C. Three-point estimation
- D. Extrapolation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Context Analysis:
The manager perceives conservative estimates as overly negative. The goal is to balance optimism with realism to satisfy both the team and the manager.
Three-point estimation provides a range of estimates: optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely, addressing the need for a positive yet realistic projection.
Evaluation of Options:
A . Wideband Delphi:
Involves group-based estimation using consensus techniques. While reliable, it does not explicitly offer optimistic vs. realistic estimates.
B . Planning Poker:
Often used in Agile projects, this technique involves relative estimation but does not inherently provide optimistic and pessimistic figures.
C . Three-point estimation:
Correct. Combines optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic estimates to calculate a weighted average. This allows presentation of both realistic and "positive" numbers to the manager.
D . Extrapolation:
Based on past data trends but does not offer a range of estimates or a way to address manager concerns directly.
Syllabus Alignment:
The ISTQB syllabus mentions estimation methods like three-point estimation as effective techniques for providing balanced and transparent project timelines (TM-2.2.1).
Reference:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which of the following team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team and why? 2 credits
- A. A quality assurance officer
- B. A person who brings new ideas to the team
- C. A person with in-depth technical skills
- D. A person with the ability to complete tasks
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 89
Instead of having an independent test team within the company, the company is considering to outsource testing. What are THREE key challenges that are typical for outsourcing? 1 credit
- A. Test environment more complex
- B. Clear channels of communications
- C. Possibly different cultures
- D. Define expectation for tasks and deliverables
- E. Audit trail from requirements to test cases
- F. Applying test automation
- G. Testing of non-functional requirements
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
Topic 7, Scenario 7 "Test Estimation"
You have been contracted to manage the acceptance testing of a new computer-based reservation system for a travel agency. You have provided an approximate budget estimate for the testing project based on previous experience with similar sized projects. However, the management of the parent company of the travel agency will not commit to the budget until detailed cost estimates are provided.
The reservation system is being developed by a third party However, detailed specifications of the software are available, as well as an estimate of the total effort that will be spent in developing the software. The software is to be delivered in four increments, and the functionality to be delivered in each increment has already been agreed on.
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which testing metric identifies defect density? [1]
- A. Product
- B. People
- C. Project
- D. Process
Answer: A
Explanation:
Defect density is a testing metric that measures the number of defects identified in a component or system divided by the size of the component or system (expressed in standard measurement terms, e.g., lines-of-code, number of classes or function points)1. Defect density is a product metric, as it evaluates the quality or reliability of a software product2. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because project metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software project, such as cost, schedule, effort, scope, or resources3. Option C is incorrect because process metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software process, such as effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, or maturity. Option D is incorrect because people metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software personnel, such as skills, experience, motivation, or satisfaction. References: 1: Defect Density | ISTQB Glossary 2: Software Testing Metrics: What is, Types & Example 3: [Project Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals] : [Process Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals] : [People Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals]
NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following statements correctly describes a 'depth-first approach' to managing risk based testing? SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. The lowest risk tests should only be run once the highest risk tests have passed.
- B. The highest risks are tested in more depth than the lowest risks.
- C. A sample of tests is selected to ensure coverage of every risk item at least once.
- D. All of the highest-risk tests are run before any lower risk tests, and tests are run in strict risk order.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 92
Relying only on the information provided in the scenario, select the TWO items and/or features for which sufficient information is available to proceed with test design. 2 credits
- A. Response time
- B. All supported credit cards
- C. Usability
- D. Language localization
- E. Valid and invalid advances
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 93
What is a "depth-first" risk-based testing technique? [1]
- A. All risk items are tested at least once
- B. Lowest risk test cases are executed first
- C. Highest risk test cases are executed first
- D. Non-functional test cases are executed first
Answer: C
Explanation:
A depth-first risk-based testing technique is a method of prioritizing and executing test cases based on the risk level of the features or functions to be tested. In this technique, the test cases with the highest risk are executed first, followed by the test cases with lower risks. This ensures that the most critical and likely areas of failure are tested thoroughly and early in the testing process. Risk Based Testing: Approach, Matrix, Process & Examples - Guru99 Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, [Analytical Test Strategy: A Comprehensive Guide - LambdaTest]
NEW QUESTION # 94
You are Test Manager on a major project that is of strategic importance to your company. Your team has access to a suite of testing tools that provide support across the development life cycle and this suite of tools has been in place for the last two projects. You are concerned that the suite does not have an integrated defect management tool and have negotiated a small budget to find and implement such a tool. Your first choice is an open source tool that has been available for just over a year and appears to be popular with its users, who have found it easy to learn. The main disadvantage of the tool would be that current manual defect management processes would need to be modified to embrace use of the tool.
Which of the following would be the MAIN risk to consider in deciding whether or not to acquire the defect management tool? SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. The risk of not achieving a positive Return on Investment for the tool in the short term.
- B. The risk of not being able to achieve effective training for users of the tool to ensure they can use it effectively.
- C. The risk of additional time and effort required to prepare and roll out a revised defect management process.
- D. The risk of not being able to integrate the tool within the existing tool suite to ensure effective interoperability across the whole suite.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 95
Which one of the following standards would a Test Manager be expected to understand when planning and organising activities with a Project Manager? SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. ITIL
- B. PRINCE2
- C. CMMI
- D. TMMI
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 96
Assume that you are part of a team conducting test design for a new university system that will allow students to update their own personal information. The Test Strategy states that positive and negative testing should be carried out. along with performance, security and interoperability testing against all new requirements.
The following requirements have been identified by stakeholders:
1. Students must be able to make changes to the following information:
a Name (due to marital status)
b Marital status
c. Home address
d. Home telephone number
e. Email address
f. Mobile telephone number
g. Contact details in case of emergency
2 Only Reception staff must have access to the information held.
3 The system must support 2000 concurrent users and details updated on the system within 20 seconds.
4. Interoperability of the new system with the other systems maintained by the University for student Registrations.
Test analysis for functional and non-functional testing has iust bequn and the following test conditions have been identified:
Which one of the following is a valid test condition that is missing from the table of test conditions and has clear traceability back to the test strategy and requirements?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Correct input of student's date of birth details, using the format dd/mm/yyyy
- B. Time taken to update student information is 20 seconds or less when sup-plied correctly, or an error message is returned
- C. Correct input of home telephone numbers using a string of alpha characters only.
- D. System is compatible with market leading accessibility tools for blind or partially sighted users.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 97
Assume that you are working for a company that has maintained and tested a car parking permit system for many years. The system holds the name and address of permit holders and automatically writes to the permit holder with a form to renew or cancel their permit each year.
The test plan states the following:
"since the system is considered a stable system. Boundary Value Analysis is the only test case design technique that needs to be applied during testing" Consider the following change that was detailed in the Requirements Specification for a replacement to an existing parameter held within the system;
* The specified renewal date for each permit must be not be after 31 st January 2020. Which one of the following is a valid test condition that satisfies both the requirement and the test plan?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Input the dates either side of and including 31/01/2020, and select tests from the regression pack relating to the renewal date and printing only.
- B. Input the date 01/02/2020 and confirm this is not accepted. and select tests from the regression test back relating to the renewal date only
- C. Input the date 01/02/2020 and confirm this is not accepted. and select tests from the regression testback relating to the renewal date only
- D. Input the date 31/01 /20 in the wrong field to see what happens, and run the whole of the regression test pack.
- E. Input a date in an invalid format e.g. 31 FEB 2020, and select tests from the regression pack relating to renewal date, policy holder's name, address and printing.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 98
What is the purpose of lest control?
- A. To monitor the testing
- B. To return the test environment to its starting state and data
- C. To take corrective actions required to meet the test objectives
- D. To project detect trends and outcomes
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Definition:
* Test control involves monitoring and taking actions to align testing with objectives, addressing deviations in test progress or outcomes.
* Evaluation of Options:
* A. To monitor the testing:
* Incorrect. Monitoring is part of the process but does not define the purpose of test control.
* B. To return the test environment to its starting state and data:
* Incorrect. This pertains to test environment setup or cleanup, not test control.
* C. To project detect trends and outcomes:
* Incorrect. Detecting trends is part of monitoring, not control.
* D. To take corrective actions required to meet the test objectives:
* Correct. Test control is proactive, focusing on corrective measures to ensure test objectives are met (Syllabus section TM-1.5.3).
References:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus=========================
NEW QUESTION # 99
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How to book CTAL-TM Exams
In order to apply for the NET, You have to follow these steps
- Go to the CTAL-TM Official Site
- Read the instruction Carefully
- Follow the given steps
- Apply for the CTAL-TM
How to study the CTAL-TM Exam
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